Understanding the Link Between Sudden Death Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease

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Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a condition where death occurs unexpectedly from natural causes within an hour of the onset of symptoms, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

SDS and sudden cardiac death (SCD), also known as sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), are terms that are often used interchangeably.

SCD refers to death from heart failure that happens within an hour of any cardiovascular cause.

Recently, SDS and SCD have been used as interchangeable terms. Although various diseases can trigger a fatal chain reaction in the body, SCD is a common contributing factor.

A comprehensive study published in 2022 revealed that up to 73% of unexpected deaths are linked to cardiovascular issues, in contrast to conditions like intracerebral hemorrhage, asthma, and epilepsy.

There are no specific symptoms associated with SDS, as it is not a single disease. The underlying cause can greatly influence any symptoms that may manifest.

There may be subtle warning signs of different diseases that can lead to SDS. For instance, symptoms of a cerebral aneurysm could be mistaken for common pains like severe headaches or stiff neck.

Causes of SDS

The body undergoes various known and unknown mechanisms that can result in SDS. However, cardiovascular disease plays a significant role, as reported by Medical News Today.

Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) and coronary artery disease are two common underlying causes. Studies have shown that up to 80% of deaths related to SADS may be linked to coronary artery disease. A large-scale research study found that 53% of evaluated SCD cases had SADS.

Risk factors for SDS

Due to the different diseases that can lead to SDS, each risk factor is unique.

As SCD is a primary cause of SDS, risk factors include heavy alcohol consumption, tobacco use, lack of physical activity, obesity, high blood pressure, and a family history of SCD, among others.