The Awakening Subduction Zone Beneath the Gibraltar Strait: Insights into Potential Changes for the Atlantic Ocean

A dormant subduction zone beneath the Gibraltar Strait is showing signs of activity, with new research indicating potential changes for the Atlantic Ocean. The findings, published in the journal Geology on February 13, suggest that the Gibraltar arc is slowly moving westward and may eventually "invade" the Atlantic, leading to the gradual closure of the ocean basin. Lead researcher Joao Duarte, an assistant professor of geology at the University of Lisbon, described the situation as a rare opportunity to witness a geological process in its early stages.

"Studying Gibraltar is invaluable because it allows us to observe the process when it is just beginning to happen," he said. The Gibraltar arc started its westward journey approximately 30 million years ago but had appeared to be stalled in recent history, causing speculation about its activity. However, the study indicates that it is currently in a period of dormancy that could last for another 20 million years.

Using advanced computer models, Duarte and his team simulated the development of the subduction zone, noting a decrease in its speed around 5 million years ago. They predict that over the next 20 million years, the Gibraltar arc will slowly push through the narrow Gibraltar Strait and into the Atlantic in a process referred to as "subduction invasion." This potential invasion of the Atlantic Ocean could result in the formation of an Atlantic subduction system similar to the "Ring of Fire" surrounding the Pacific Ocean.

This transformation would involve the recycling of oceanic crust into the mantle through subduction, gradually reshaping the landscape of the Atlantic. The researchers highlighted the importance of monitoring the movement along the subduction interface, noting that accumulating seismic strain could lead to significant events over hundreds of years. With advancements in technology enabling more detailed simulations, scientists are gaining a deeper understanding of the complex geological processes that shape the Earth's surface.

"We can now simulate the formation of the Gibraltar arc in great detail and predict how it may evolve in the distant future," said Duarte. The implications of the potential subduction invasion of the Atlantic Ocean are significant and could have far-reaching effects on the environment and geology of the region. Understanding these processes is crucial for predicting and preparing for potential changes in the Earth's crust.

In conclusion, the study of the awakening subduction zone beneath the Gibraltar Strait offers a unique opportunity to observe the early stages of a geological process that could have profound impacts on the Atlantic Ocean. By combining advanced computer modeling with geological research, scientists are gaining valuable insights into the complex processes that shape our planet's surface.